Biomass production and grain yield of some genotypes of bread and durum wheat under coastal Mediterranean conditions
1996
Koc, M. (University of Cukurova, Adana (Turkey). Faculty of Agriculture)
A study was conducted to provide basic information on the dry-matter production, grain yield and yield structure in bread (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) and durum (T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) wheat genotypes under Mediterranean climate conditions, and to obtain data related to the yield gap in the region and possible differences between bread and durum wheat. In a three-year field study, two genotypes of each of bread and durum wheat were grown under different nitrogen fertilizer and sowing rates to increase variation in yield and yield structure. In 1989 and 1990, the average above-ground biomass production was 30 higher than in 1991. Within each year the above-ground biomass yield of the genotypes was similar. The average grain yield of the four varieties was 589, 619 and 442 g/m2 in 1989, 1990 and 1991, respectively. The lower yields of the bread wheat variety Cumhuriyet were associated with lower harvest index. Grain weight and harvest index were the most pronounced differences between bread and durum types. Using high rates of nitrogen (120 to 200 kg/ha) and dense sowing (450 to 850 seeds/m2) resulted in no significant yield variation and there were no major response differences between bread and durum genotypes. Variation in grain yield was closely associated with biomass production and less with harvest index. Moreover, grain yields were consistently more correlated with grains/unit area than with grain weight
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