Pretreatment methods of fibrous crop residues fro improvement of nutritive values - a review
2000
Rana, R.S. | Amatya, N.(Lumle Regional Agricultural Research Centre (Pokhara, Kaski (Nepal))
Numerous efforts have been made to improve the nutritive value of fibrous crop residues by chemical and physical methods. However, only a few attempts have been made to introduce such treatment effectively in the field. This paper reviews various treatment methods (research on chemical treatment of various crop residues; the influence of physical treatment such as chopping, grinding and pelleting of fibrous residues) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and productive traits in ruminants. As large amount of potential energy for ruminant feed is locked in the ligno-cellulosic materials, physical and chemical treatments can improve feed quality and attention is recently drawn to biological treatments that increase the feeding value. Such biological treatments include the production of single cell protein from ligno-cellulosic wastes, for example the use of straw left after mushroom production. Fermentation of plant biomass for conservation as is done with existing methods of ensilling is a fundamentally different concept than biological treatment to obtain a better feed. Problems with cultivation of fungi on straw include losses of organic matter and other nutrients, and attempts were made to isolate the specific enzymes responsible for positive effects of biological treatments so that these could be used directly. This paper summaries all those approaches and a recently developed Karnal Process using a two stage technique which improves CP content of cereal straws with limited organic matter losses.
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