Białka - charakterystyka, właściwości i ich alternatywne źródła | Proteins - characteristics, properties and their alternative sources
2018
Szymańska, Iwona | Żbikowska, Anna | Mitrosz, Paulina
Proteins are macromolecular compounds composed of 20 different forms of α-amino acids. They are characterized by different biological properties and functional features, which are determined by internal factors (eg structural forms of proteins) and by external factors (eg pH, temperature, enzymes). Specified functional properties of proteins determine their use in food production, e.g. solubility – drinks, foaming – cakes, gelation – desserts, emulsification – sauces. Protein preparations used in food production differ, e.g. in protein content, particle size or preparation method (by means of solvents and/or pH changes or by membrane processes). Due to the continuous population growth and the limited nature of available food resources, there is a need to look for alternative sources of protein (eg bacteria, algae). So far, the main source is conventional food, mainly meat of terrestrial animals and legumes. The use of unconventional sources of protein in the food industry has so far been limited, but it creates new perspectives.
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