The application of fertilizers based on phosphite in lettuce and other leafy vegetables fertilization | Primjena gnojiva na bazi fosfita u gnojidbi salate i ostalog lisnatog povrća

English. Phosphorus represents an important biogenic element for all agricultural crops. Although phosphorus requirements differ significantly between individual crops, the phosphorus requirement is very important because phosphorus is a constituent element of adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP); compounds that are source of energy for all physiological processes in the plant. On the other hand, fertilization with phosphorus is quite problematic due to a number of factors that reduce the uptake of phosphorus from soil. Therefore, the chemical fertilizer industry has recently offered new opportunities for phosphorus fertilization - phosphite based fertilizers. Due to a number of positive effects on fertilization, phosphite based fertilizers are increasingly being used for the fertilization of agricultural crops, as well as leafy vegetables such as lettuce, leaf beet, spinach and other leafy vegetables. Except in foliar fertilization, phosphites can be used in fertigation systems too. In the production of fertilizers, the phosphites are mixed with other elements such as potassium, magnesium, calcium or some microelement, thus obtaining highly concentrated fertilizers for use in agriculture. Phosphates are specific compounds that, besides plant nutrition, have other positive effects in agricultural production. The use of phosphite effectively increases the resistance of the plant to diseases caused by the fungus and increases the resistance to bacterial diseases of leaf. As a lettuce production is very intensive, these positive properties of phosphite based fertilizers are very important.

Croatian. Fosfor je važan biogeni element za sve poljoprivredne kulture, iako se potrebe za fosforom značajno razlikuju između pojedinih poljoprivrednih kultura. Fosfor je sastavni element adenozindifosfata (ADP) i adenozintrifosfata (ATP); spojeva koji su izvor energije za sve fiziološke procese u biljci. S druge strane, gnojidba fosforom je dosta problematična, zbog niza čimbenika koji smanjuju usvajanje fosfora. Stoga, je odnedavno, kemijska industrija gnojiva ponudila nove mogućnosti u problemu gnojidbe fosforom – gnojiva na bazi fosfita. Zbog niza pozitivnih učinaka u gnojidbi, gnojiva na bazi fosfita počinju se sve više koristiti za gnojidbu poljoprivrednih kultura, pa tako i lisnatog povrća, poput salate, blitve, špinata i drugog lisnatog povrća. Osim u folijarnoj gnojidbi, fosfiti se mogu koristiti u sustavima fertirigacije. U proizvodnji gnojiva fosfiti se mješaju sa ostalim elementima, poput kalija, magnezija, kalcija ili nekog mikroelementa, te se time dobivaju visoko koncentrirana gnojiva za upotrebu u poljoprivredi. Fosfiti su specifični spojevi koji osim na ishranu biljaka imaju i ostale pozitivne učinke u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Primjena fosfita efektivno povećava otpornost biljke na bolesti uvjetovane gljivicama te povećava otpornosti i na bakterijske bolesti salate. Kako je salata kultura koja se uzgaja vrlo intenzivno u vrlo uskom plodoredu, ova pozitivna svojstva gnojiva na bazi fosfita su vrlo važna.