Važnost cinka u gnojidbi vinove loze | The importance of Zinc in fertilization of grapevine

Croatian. Cink je esencijalni biljni hranjivi element s vrlo opsežnom i značajnom ulogom. Uključen je u više metabolitičkih procesa i sudjeluje u razvoju reproduktivnih dijelova vinove loze. Količina cinka u biljci je niska, te se značajno razlikuje između pojedinih biljnih vrsta. Kod vinove loze, optimalna opskrbljenost cinkom u listu kreće se u rasponu od 25-150 mg kg-1. Nedostatak cinka najčešći je na tlima s pH 7.0-8.0, a u slučaju karbonatnih tala nedostatak cinka često je povezan s nedostatkom željeza (‘vapnena kloroza’). Gnojiva na bazi cinka sadrže različite vrijednosti cinka ovisno o njegovom obliku u gnojivu. Postojei nekoliko najznačajnijih kemijskih oblika cinka od kojih ćemo spomenuti cink-oksid, cink-helat, cink-sulfat i cink-fosfit. Svaki od njih ciljano se koristi za rješavanje određenih nedostataka ili potiče razvoj metabolizma vinove loze. Prema rezultatima istraživanja većine autora vidljivo je da u većini vinogradarskih tala nedostaje cinka, te se preporuča dodatna gnojidba vinove loze. Ovisno o stanju cinka u tlu, gnojidba se može provesti preko lista (kod manjih nedostataka cinka) ili u kombinaciji tlo-folijarna gnojidba (kod većih nedostataka cinka), upotrebom različitih gnojiva na bazi cinka. Na taj način može se postići dobra opskrbljenost vinove loze cinkom te ujednačen rast i razvoj vinove loze tijekom vegetacije.

English. Zinc is an essential nutrient element, with a very large and significant role. It is involved in multiple metabolic processes and participates in the development of reproductive parts of grape vines. The amount of zinc in the plant is low and is significantly different between plant species. In grape vines, the optimum zinc content in the leaf ranges from 25 to 150 mg kg-1. Zinc deficiency is most common in soils at pH 7.0-8.0, and in the case of carbonate soils, lack of zinc is often associated with iron deficiency ('lime chlorosis'). Zinc based fertilizers contain different values depending on the form of zinc in the fertilizer. There are some of the most significant chemical forms of zinc, of which we will mention zinc oxide, zinc chelate, zinc sulfate and zinc phosphite. Each of them is targeted for solving certain deficiencies or encouraging the development of vascular metabolism. According to research results of most authors, it is evident that in most of the vineyard plants there is no zinc, and an additional fertilization of grape vines is recommended. Depending on the zinc condition in the soil fertilization can be carried out over the leaf (with minor zinc deficiencies) or in combination with soil-foil fertilization (with major zinc deficiencies) using different zinc base fertilizers. In this way good supply of grape vines with zinc can be achieved and growth and development of vines during vegetation can be without zinc deficiency.