Effect of Piper betle leaf extract-loaded chitosan nano particle as fruit-coating assay to control storage anthracnose on mango

Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is one of the plants being used for traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to determine betel leaf extract-chitosan nanoparticles to control storage anthracnose of mango. Chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP) were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate. Characterization of the betel leaf extract was done by pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometriy (GC-MS); while chitosan nanoparticles were characterized using Fourir Transfer Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Particle Size Analysis (PSA). For in vivo assay, fruit coating assay was carried out by dipping storage mango in a coating formulated ChiNP-betel leaf extract suspension before inoculation with conidial of C.gloeosporioides. Non-inoculated fruits were similarly treated as control. The green betel leaf extract contains 71.18 ± 0.3% of antifungal phenolic compounds. The most phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the betel leaf extract was 1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzotriazole. Chi-hydrolysis reduced the molecular weight (MW) from 754.89 k Dato 245.85 kDa. Based on FTIR analysis, hydrolysis treatment and the addition of extract affected the existence of chitosan functional group, and wave numbers. The absorption of aromatic groups was observed at 1000 – 650 cm¹ wave numbers. The sizes of particle were ranged from 101 ± 6.25 nm to 431.1 ± 4.32nm. Chi without hydrolysis had bigger size than that of Chi with hydrolysis. The SEM morphology of the ChiNP-betel leaf extract was rounded/ sphericalshape. Chi hydrolysis treatment revealed higher antifungal effect than that of Chi without hydrolysis. The mass ratio of Chi NP and betel leaf extracts (3:1;v/v) of both without hydrolysis and with hydrolysis was found as a good formula in suppressing storage anthracnose of mango with the degree of disease inhibition of 85.88% and 98.82%, respectively. The betel leaf extract-loaded Chi NP treatment may offer the fruit shelf life up to 6 days.