Production and Characteristics of Witner Generation Honey Bees, Apis mellifera: Discussion with Overwintering Failure
2022
Jung, C.E. | Bae, Y.H.
Winter is the most risky period for honey bee colonies especially in temperate climate region with severely harsh cold temperature. Compared to summer generation, winter generation honey bees live longer ap. 5 months and regulate the colony temperature in the range of 7 and 25°C with expense of food store during summer. The paper reviewed some experimental works on the timing of winter bee production, physiological characteristics of winter bees relative to summer bee, size and quality of winter bee social structure for the successful overwintering. Also, the importance of integrated management of ectoparasitic mites, Varroa destructor and Tropilaelaps mercedesae was further discussed. Some future research questions relative to the severe weather phenomena were suggested.
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