Comparative Analysis of Asteraceae Chloroplast Genomes: Structural Organization, RNA Editing and Evolution
2015
Wang, Mengxing | Cui, Licao | Feng, Kewei | Deng, Pingchuan | Du, Xianghong | Wan, Fanghao | Weining, Song | Nie, Xiaojun
Comparative chloroplast genome analysis presents new opportunities for performing molecular phylogeny studies and revealing the significant evolutionary features in higher plants, which has been widely documented from conifers to grass family. However, a systematic analysis of chloroplast genomes in Asteraceae family has not been conducted up to now. In this study, we compared and analyzed the gene content, genomic organization, and RNA editing sites of eight representative Asteraceae chloroplast genomes. Results showed that Asteraceae chloroplast had relatively conservative gene content. No gain or loss events occurred in the protein-coding genes, while some differences were found to be present in the gene structure and transfer RNA (tRNA) abundance. Genome structure analysis found some Asteraceae-specific or species-specific structure variations, and sequence rearrangement events were present in these genomes, suggesting specific evolutionary processes have occurred in this family. Some DNA regions containing parsimony-informative characters higher than 5 % were also identified, which could be used as the new molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis and plant identification of Asteraceae species. Furthermore, RNA editing in these genomes was investigated through computational analysis, and some species-specific sites were identified. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of 81 genes from 70 species supported the monophyly of the Asteraceae. Our study for the first time compared the organization, structure, and sequence divergence of eight Asteraceae chloroplast genomes, which will provide the valuable resource for molecular phylogeny of Asteraceae species and also facilitate the genetic and evolutionary studies in this family.
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