Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa
2014
Okedeyi, Olumuyiwa O. | Dube, Simiso | Awofolu, Omotayo R. | Nindi, Mathew M.
Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g⁻¹, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g⁻¹, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g⁻¹in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g⁻¹in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g⁻¹in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g⁻¹in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4–5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005–0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74–2.53).
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