Dynamics of changing sectoral employment and rural labour markets in India with special reference to Punjab
2020
Chopra, Shruti | Singh, Sukhpal | Sekhon, M.K.
The present study examine the trends and pattern of rural labour diversification and analyses the underlying factors for these changes across sector and across gender in the country and the state of Punjab. It was observed that this diversification is due to push factor or driven by agricultural distress on one hand and on the other hand by agricultural growth and complementarities between agriculture and allied sectors. Results revealed that, within the period 1977-78 and 2017-18 the overall rural employment in agriculture sector declined radically from 84.3 to 64.1 per cent. Whereas rural employments in non-farm sector like industry, construction and services amplified in India. There was deceleration in the total Worker Population Ratio (WPR) for rural India from 44.4 per cent to 34.6 per cent with a marginal decline in male WPR (3.6 %) and drastic decline in female WPR (15.3 %) during 1993-94 to 2017-18. Among female workers, the proportion engaged in the agricultural activities decreased from 88.1 per cent in 1977-78 to 73.2 per cent in 2017-18. Results, confirmed that the process of depeasantization in Punjab accelerated since post liberalization and had geared since the mid-1990s as about 14.39 per cent of the farmers had left farming since 1991. It was due to farming being non-viable and farmers joining other sectors like wage labour, etc. Thus there is a need to look into the viability of the farming sector. The study further discussed that an approach which comprises of agrarian progress, human capital development and rustic progress is obligatory for breaking the chains of present steadiness.
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