Cryptosporidium and host resistance: historical perspective and some novel approaches
2003
Harp, J.A.
Cryptosporidium parvum is recognized as a major cause of diarrhoeal disease in neonatal calves. In addition, this protozoan parasite has emerged as an important cause of disease in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. Despite years of research, no consistently effective means of prevention or treatment are readily available for cryptosporidiosis in any species. Infection through ingestion of contaminated water has been widely documented; C. parvum was reported to be responsible for the largest waterborne outbreak of infectious disease in the history of the USA. In addition to its role as a primary disease agent, C. parvum has the potential to initiate or exacerbate other gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, control of C. parvum infection in both animals and humans remains to be an important objective. Research in our laboratory has focused on understanding mechanisms of resistance to C. parvum. We have demonstrated that acquisition of intestinal flora increases resistance to C. parvum. Substances present in the intestinal mucosa of adult animals can transfer resistance when fed to susceptible infants. Both expression of intestinal enzymes and rate of proliferation of epithelial cells may be altered following C. parvum infection. These and other changes may have profound effects on host resistance to C. parvum.
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