Importance du métabolisme des protéines et des acides aminés dans la prévention et la prise en charge du syndrome métabolique. Modulation par les acides gras n-3 | Importance of protein and amino acid metabolism in the prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome. Modulation by n-3 fatty acids
2018
Hermier, Dominique | Mariotti, François
Proteins are made of amino acids that have two essential functions : to enable the accretion and renewal of body proteins, and to provide metabolites that play important physiological roles in maintaining the proper functioning of the body, such as glutathione (metabolite of cysteine) and nitric oxide or NO (metabolite of arginine. In consequence, amino acids and their metabolites are involved in the initiation and development of the metabolic syndrome (MetSynd). There is growing evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can regulate protein or amino acid metabolism, which makes them promising candidates for innovating nutritional strategies. In this review, we describe the favourable effects of an intake of n-3 (PUFA) in the context of metabolic syndrome : For the prevention of the MetSynd, to slow down the development of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction (with a role of NO) and oxidative stress (with a role of glutathione). The addition of vegetable oil rich in 18 :3 n-3 (ALA) may promote the synthesis of glutathione from cysteine and NO from arginine, as do vegetable proteins rich in cysteine and arginine. During the management of MetSynd, and in particular of obesity, to limit protein catabolism and thus the loss of muscle mass that may result from the weight loss imposed to the patient. The mechanisms regulated by n-3 PUFAs are similar to those observed in other situations of protein catabolism.
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