Effects of exposure to fine particulate matter on the decline of lung function in rural areas in northwestern China
2022
Tian, Di | Chen, Xiyuan | Hou, Pengyi | Zhao, Yi | Zhao, Yu | Zhang, Yajuan | Li, Jiangping | Zhang, Yuhong | Wang, Faxuan
Our aim was to clarify the main factors associated with lung function and to analyze the correlation between fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) and lung function in a rural Chinese population. We analyzed data of 5195 participants in the China Northwest Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project who were ≥ 30 years old. They were recruited from 2018 to 2019, underwent spirometry during the physical examination, and completed a self-report questionnaire. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was used to estimate the 2-year average PM₂.₅ exposure based on participants’ home addresses. A generalized linear mixed model was used to test the relationship between PM₂.₅ concentration and lung function. Sex, age, exposure to cooking oil fumes, and occupational exposure were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁). Educational status, economic level, tea consumption, and alcohol consumption were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with FVC and FEV₁. The adjusted results of each model revealed that FVC and FEV₁ decreased with increased exposure to PM₂.₅. There was a strong negative correlation between a PM₂.₅ concentration of 35.66 μg/m³ and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, with unadjusted hazard ratios of − 0.06 (95% confidence interval, − 0.10 to − 0.01), − 0.13 (− 0.17 to − 0.10), and − 22.10 (− 24.62 to − 19.26), respectively. In conclusion, long-term exposure to high concentrations of ambient PM₂.₅ is related to reduce lung function among people in rural areas in northwestern China.
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