Association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with the number of tuberculosis cases notified: a time-series study in Hong Kong
2022
Xu Man, | Hu, Ping | Chen, Ruoling | Liu, Bing | Chen, Hongying | Hou, Jian | Ke, Li | Huang, Jiao | Ren, Hairong | Hu, Hui
To analyze the association of long-term exposure to air pollution and its attributable risks with the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases notified, a quasi-Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was constructed using monthly data on air pollution and TB cases notified in Hong Kong from 1999 to 2018. Nonlinear relationships between PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, and CO and TB cases notified were identified. The concentrations of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, and CO corresponding to the minimum numbers of TB cases notified (the minimum TB notification concentrations, MTNCs) were 58.3 μg/m³, 41.7 μg/m³, and 0.1 mg/m³, respectively. Compared with the MTNCs, the overall cumulative numbers of TB cases notified increased by 76.93% (95% CI: 13.08%, 176.83%), 88.81% (95% CI: 26.09%, 182.71%), and 233.43% (95% CI: 13.56%, 879.03%) for the 95th percentiles of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ and for the 97.5th percentiles of CO, respectively. The TB notification rate attributed to concentration ranges above the 97.5th percentile of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, and CO was 3.38% (95% empirical confidence intervals [eCI]: 0.93%, 5.61%), 4.73% (95% eCI: 1.87%, 7.15%), and 3.34% (95% eCI: 0.29%, 5.83%), respectively. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of air pollution in Hong Kong may be associated with increases in the number of TB cases notified for this area.
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