Synthesis of Jet-Fuel Range Cycloalkanes from the Mixtures of Cyclopentanone and Butanal
2015
Yang, Jinfan | Li, Shanshan | Li, Ning | Wang, Wentao | Wang, Aiqin | Zhang, Tao | Cong, Yu | Wang, Xiaodong | Huber, George W.
High-density (0.82 g mL–¹) jet-fuel range cycloalkanes were synthesized in high overall yields (∼80%) by the aldol condensation of cyclopentanone and butanal followed by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Among the investigated solid-base catalysts, magnesium–aluminum hydrotalcite (MgAl-HT) exhibited the highest activity for the solvent-free aldol condensation of cyclopentanone and butanal. The excellent performance of MgAl-HT was rationalized by the synergism between strong base and weak acid sites on the surface of this material. The aldol condensation products were further hydrodeoxygenated to butylcyclopentane and 1,3-dibutylcyclopentane over the Ni/SiO₂, Pd/SiO₂, and bimetallic Ni–Pd/SiO₂ catalysts. Compared to the Ni/SiO₂ and Pd/SiO₂ catalysts, the bimetallic Ni–Pd/SiO₂ catalyst exhibited higher activity for the solvent-free HDO reaction. Over the 4%Ni–1%Pd/SiO₂ catalyst, high carbon yield (88.0%) of butylcyclopentane and 1,3-dibutylcyclopentane was achieved at 503 K. According to the characterization results, the excellent performance of Ni–Pd/SiO₂ catalyst can be explained by the formation of Ni–Pd alloy.
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