Biomass and Nutrient Content by Sugarcane as Affected by Fertilizer Nitrogen Sources
2016
Mariano, Eduardo | Leite, José M. | Vieira-Megda, Michele X. | Ciampitti, Ignacio A. | Vitti, André C. | Faroni, Carlos E. | Franco, Henrique C. J. | Trivelin, Paulo C. O.
Knowing the right fertilizer N source is a key management practice for improving nutrient use and productivity for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of fertilizer N sources on aboveground biomass (BM) and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) content for sugarcane ratoon. Two field trials under highly weathered tropical soils (Site 1, Typic Hapludox; Site 2, Typic Eutrustox) were conducted in the southeast region of Brazil. Five fertilizer N sources (organomineral fertilizer [OMF], ammonium chloride [AC], ammonium nitrate [AN], calcium ammonium nitrate [CAN], and urea) were applied on sugarcane at a rate of 100 kg N ha⁻¹. A control treatment was also included in the randomized complete block design. At harvest, total BM varied from 24.4 Mg ha⁻¹ (control and AC) at Site 1 to 44.2 Mg ha⁻¹ (CAN) at Site 2, total K content varied from 185 kg ha⁻¹ (AC) at Site 2 to 747 kg ha⁻¹ (OMF) at Site 1, and total N content ranged from 92 kg ha⁻¹ (AC) at Site 2 to 165 kg ha⁻¹ (AN) at Site 1. Use of CAN and OMF resulted in comparable or superior BM and nutrient content relative to the other N fertilizers. In contrast, AC did not increase BM and nutrient content (except for N and Mg at Site 1), but also decreased by 33% total N content than control at Site 2. Use of more efficient fertilizer N sources (e.g., CAN and OMF) could increase productivity and nutrient use for sugarcane ratoon systems.
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