The use of aliphatic alcohol chain length to control the nitrogen type and content in nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes
2013
Bepete, George | Tetana, Zikhona N. | Lindner, Susi | Rümmeli, Mark H. | Chiguvare, Zivayi | Coville, Neil J.
Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were synthesized using acetonitrile/alcohol mixtures as the nitrogen, carbon and oxygen sources using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. XPS analysis of the CNTs produced from an acetonitrile/ethanol mixture using different CVD temperatures (700–1000°C), revealed that nitrogen incorporation in N-CNTs decreased with an increase in CVD temperature and that the type of nitrogen species incorporated also varied. Molecular nitrogen and a low content of pyridinic nitrogen was obtained in N-CNTs grown at 700 and 800°C, while quaternary nitrogen was noted in all N-CNTs grown. Use of 20% acetonitrile/ROH (R=CH₃, C₂H₅, C₄H₉, C₅H₁₁, C₇H₁₅ and C₈H₁₇) mixtures allowed the C/O ratio to be changed whilst the N content in the precursor mixture was kept constant. The N content in the N-CNTs grown at 850°C increased with the alcohol chain length and also controlled the nitrogen species incorporated, an effect related to the oxygen content of the reactant mixtures.
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