Shannon Entropy-based urban spatial fragmentation to ensure sustainable development of the urban coastal city: A case study of Semarang, Indonesia
2022
Dewa, Dimas Danar | Buchori, Imam | Sejati, Anang Wahyu | Liu, Yan
This study examines the extent to which the Shannon Entropy Index (H) can be used to ensure urban growth sustainability by measuring the spatial dispersion pattern of a built-up area. The Shannon Entropy Index was calculated based on the proximities to the city center (HCC) and the main road (HMR), which divide the study area into 17 zones. Data from Landsat 5- TM Imagery 2011 and Landsat 8- OLI Imagery 2016 and 2021 were used to extract urban built-up areas through image classification using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm and measure their growth over time. The results show the normalized Shannon Entropy Index for the proximities to the city center (HCC′) and the main road (HMR′). HCC′ was found to be 0.93 in 2021 and increased by 0.44 during 2011–2021, while HMR′ was recorded to be 0.68 in 2021 and increased by 0.27 during 2011–2021, indicating that urban development in Semarang City has become increasingly fragmented. Among the 17 existing zones, the peri-urban areas of southeast part zones in Semarang (III-BP and IV-AP) were found to have the largest relative Shannon Entropy Index (H') of 0.98 and 0.96, respectively, indicating that this area is developing irregularly and spreading out compared to the city center, which is unsustainable built-up area growth. We call for an integrated space utilization control strategy between the city center and the peri-urban area. Our study demonstrates the capacity of using the Shannon Entropy Index to detect potential areas of unsustainable development in a coastal city with diverse development dynamics, which can also be applied in other coastal cities to prevent unsustainable development.
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