Boron- and phosphorous-doped graphene nanosheets and quantum dots as sensors and catalysts in environmental applications: a review
2021
Manpreet Kaur, | Ubhi, Manpreet Kaur | Grewal, Jaspreet Kaur | Sharma, Virender K.
Graphene-based nanomaterials are becoming common consumer products due to their outstanding charge carrier ability, high specific surface area, high thermal stability, and great potential for environmental decontamination. Properties of graphene-based materials can be enhanced by doping with elements. Boron and phosphorus are major dopants for graphene, graphene oxide, and graphene quantum dots. Phosphorous has higher electron-donating ability than carbon, which induces n-type conductivity to graphene, whereas boron doping results in p-type conductivity. Doping with boron and phosphorous enhances surface area and defects in graphene materials, this aids in tuning their properties. Doping creates a band gap in graphene that facilitates photocatalytic applications. This review presents emerging applications of boron- and phosphorous-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots as sensors, adsorbents, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts for detecting and remediating contaminants.
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