Action of low temperature on physiology of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice storage
1997
Nakakita, H. | Ikenaga, H.
Low temperature storage of rice is extensively practiced to control insect pests in Japan, and has enabled the use of conventional fumigants to be reduced since 1991. In the present study, the action of low temperature on the physiology of Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae, the major insect pests on rice, was investigated. Oxygen consumption by the adults of both species was reduced as temperature was decreased. Both species exhibited a biphasic decline in respiratory rate as the temperature was reduced, giving a sharp fall in respiratory response between 30 and 20 degrees C and a moderate fall between 15 and 5 degrees C. Locomotory activity of 5. oryzae was reduced more by lower temperature than that of S. zeamais. Hatching of each species was greatly reduced at 15 degrees C while pupation and eclosion proceeded successfully. Both hatching and metamorphosis of each species were completely inhibited at 10 degrees C. Population increase of S. oryzae was completely suppressed at 15 degrees C while a small number of F1 beetles of S. zeamais emerged. The cost-benefit of maintaining low temperatures to control insect pests in the warehouse was assessed.
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