Anthrax Outbreak Among Cattle and its Detection by Extractable Antigen 1 (EA1) Based Sandwich ELISA and Immuno PCR
2015
Kingston, Joseph J. | Majumder, Saugata | Uppalapati, Siva R. | Makam, Shivakiran S. | Urs, Radhika M. | Murali, Harishchandra S. | Batra, Harsh V.
Anthrax, a fatal zoonotic disease caused by spore forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis is predominantly witnessed among herbivorous animals that are highly susceptible to the pathogen. Typically B. anthracis spores existing in soil, initiate the infection during grazing and animal to animal spread has been rarely reported. A suspected outbreak of anthrax was observed among cattle in Gundlupet taluk neighboring Bandipur national park and tiger reserve during January 2013. Blood samples collected from domestic cattle in Gundlupet region were examined by EA1 sandwich ELISA and immunocapture PCR. Of the 64 samples examined, 12 recovered during the course of outbreak were found positive by the diagnostic methods and further resulted in recovery of B. anthracis isolates that were confirmed by standard methods indicating prevalence of the pathogen among diseased cattle. The outbreak could be contained by the administration of oxytetracycline and live spore vaccine. The isolates recovered from the cattle were susceptible to the major antibiotics penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol whereas resistance could be seen for the antibiotic neomycin (25 %). The ambiguity for initial symptomatic identification due to the absence of bleeding from natural orifices could be overcome by the EA1 immunoassay kits employed in this study.
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