Constructed wetland systems to remove nutrients from wastewaters
2019
Gökalp, Zeki | Kanarya, Furkan Omer
Constructed wetlands are man-made systems imitating the structures and functions of natural wetlands. Although it seems to be a simple treatment system, constructed wetlands include complex and integrated processes among the ecological phases surrounding microorganisms, animals, plants and aquatic environment. For a successful design and operation, these ecological processes should be well-comprehended. These systems are used for treatment of various wastewater sources including domestic, industrial wastewaters, feedlot and agricultural runoff waters. Besides organic matter constructed wetland systems are successfully operated for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewaters. Nitrification/denitrification and plant uptake are the primary processes for nitrogen removal. Phosphorus removal is realized through the processes of adsorption, desorption, precipitation, filtration and plant uptake. In these systems, aquatic plants support treatment processes through oxygen supply to filter beds and up taking some nutrients; soil, sand-gravel etc. substrate materials support the treatments processes through adsorption and filtration. For efficient nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal, planted constructed wetland systems should be used and appropriate adsorbent substrate materials should be placed in wetland basins. In this study, nutrient removal mechanisms of constructed wetland systems were presented, and recommendations were provided for more efficient removal of nutrients.
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