Diosgenin attenuates inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages
2010
Hirai, Shizuka | Uemura, Taku | Mizoguchi, Noriko | Lee, Joo-Young | Taketani, Keiko | Nakano, Yūki | Hoshino, Shohei | Tsuge, Nobuaki | Narukami, Toshihiko | Yu, Rina | Takahashi, Nobuyuki | Kawada, Teruo
Obese adipose tissues are characterized by the enhanced infiltration of macrophages. It is considered that the paracrine loop involving monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and the free fatty acid between adipocytes and macrophages establishes a vicious cycle that aggravates inflammatory changes and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissues. Diosgenin, a saponin aglycon found in a variety of plants, has anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the effect of diosgenin on the inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. A coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264 macrophages markedly enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and nitric oxide compared with the sum of their single cultures; however, treatment with diosgenin inhibited the production of these proinflammatory mediators. Diosgenin also suppressed the inflammation in RAW 264 macrophages that was induced by the conditioned medium derived from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, diosgenin inhibited the conditioned medium-induced degradation of inhibitor κB and the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase in macrophages. These results indicate that diosgenin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages by inhibiting the inflammatory signals in macrophages. Diosgenin may be useful for ameliorating the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissues.
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