Sublethal Exposure to Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils Induces Hormetic-Like Responses and Disturbs Behavioral and Respiratory Responses in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
2015
Haddi, Khalid | Oliveira, Eugênio E. | Faroni, Lêda R. A. | Guedes, Daniela C. | Miranda, Natalie N. S.
Essential oils have been suggested as suitable alternatives for controlling insect pests. However, the potential adaptive responses elicited in insects for mitigating the actions of these compounds have not received adequate attention. Furthermore, as is widely reported with traditional insecticides, sublethal exposure to essential oils might induce stimulatory responses or contribute to the development of resistance strategies that can compromise the management of insect pests. The current study evaluated the locomotory and respiratory responses as well as the number of larvae per grain produced by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, after being sublethally exposed to the essential oils of clove, Syzygium aromaticum L., and cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. The essential oils showed similar insecticidal toxicity (exposure route: contact with dried residues; Clove LC₉₅ ₌ ₃.₉₆ [₂.₇₈₋₆.₇₅] µₗ/cₘ₂; Cᵢₙₙₐₘₒₙ LC₉₅ ₌ ₃.₄₇ [₂.₇₅₋₄.₇₃] ₘₗ/cₘ₂₎. A ₛₜᵢₘᵤₗₐₜₒᵣy ₑffₑcₜ ₒₙ ₜₕₑ ₘₑdᵢₐₙ ₛᵤᵣᵥᵢᵥₐₗ ₜᵢₘₑ ₍TL₅₀₎ wₐₛ ₒbₛₑᵣᵥₑd wₕₑₙ ᵢₙₛₑcₜₛ wₑᵣₑ ₑₓₚₒₛₑd ₜₒ ₗₒw cₒₙcₑₙₜᵣₐₜᵢₒₙₛ ₒf ₑₐcₕ ₒᵢₗ. Mₒᵣₑₒᵥₑᵣ, ₐ ₕᵢgₕₑᵣ ₙᵤₘbₑᵣ ₒf ₗₐᵣᵥₐₑ ₚₑᵣ gᵣₐᵢₙ wₐₛ ₚᵣₒdᵤcₑd ᵤₙdₑᵣ ₛᵤbₗₑₜₕₐₗ ₑₓₚₒₛᵤᵣₑ ₜₒ cₗₒᵥₑ ₑₛₛₑₙₜᵢₐₗ ₒᵢₗ. S. zₑₐₘₐᵢₛ ₐᵥₒᵢdₑd ₜₕₑ ₜᵣₑₐₜₑd ₐᵣₑₐₛ ₍ᵢₙ fᵣₑₑ₋cₕₒᵢcₑ ₑₓₚₑᵣᵢₘₑₙₜₛ₎ ₐₙd ₐₗₜₑᵣₑd ₜₕₑᵢᵣ ₘₒbᵢₗᵢₜy wₕₑₙ ₛᵤbₗₑₜₕₐₗₗy ₑₓₚₒₛₑd ₜₒ bₒₜₕ ₑₛₛₑₙₜᵢₐₗ ₒᵢₗₛ. Tₕₑ ᵣₑₛₚᵢᵣₐₜₒᵣy ᵣₐₜₑₛ ₒf S. zₑₐₘₐᵢₛ ₍ᵢ.ₑ., CO₂ production) were significantly reduced under low concentrations of the essential oils.We recommend the consideration of the potential sublethal effects elicited by botanical pesticides during the development of integrated pest management programs aiming to control S. zeamais.
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