Current status of bluetongue disease in India and its pathogenesis in relation to host and climate change
2008
Prasad, Gaya | , Rupinder | Minakshi,
Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious arthropod transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. Outbreaks of clinical BT have been reported from almost all regions of the country. Exotic breeds of sheep are comparatively more susceptible to clinical BT compared to native breeds. In India, BT is almost exclusively a disease of sheep, although antibodies to BTV have been detected in cattle, buffalo, camel, goat and some wild ruminants. Outbreaks of BT have been associated with the periods of peak Culicoides activity. BT disease occurs in sheep and some wild ruminant species and is characterised by vascular injury with haemorrhage, oedema and tissue necrosis. Inherent, species-specific differences in the susceptibility and responses of endothelial cells may be responsible for the occurrence of BT disease in BTV-infected sheep but not cattle. It has been speculated that by 2050, there will be 4°C rise in the global temperature. If this becomes a reality, there will be far reaching consequences leading to ecological changes of global scale. Since BT is a vector borne disease, climate change will have great impact on its epidemiology.
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