The dynamics of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths attributed to long-term PM2.5 exposures in global megacities
2022
Zhang, Lili | Wilson, John P. | Zhao, Na | Zhang, Wenhao | Wu, Yu
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) air pollution is a significant driver of premature deaths. We estimate the number of cardiovascular and respiratory (CR) premature deaths attributed to long-term exposure to PM₂.₅ in 33 global megacities based on long-term remotely sensed observations from 2000 to 2019. Our analysis uses high-resolution (0.01 degree) PM₂.₅ concentration data and cause-specific integrated exposure-response (IER) functions developed for the Global Burden of Disease Project. From 2000 to 2019, PM₂.₅-related CR death rates per 1000 people increased in 6 of 33 megacities, decreased in 9, and remained constant in 18 megacities. The increase in PM₂.₅-related CR mortality in 11 megacities located in South and East Asia during the period 2000–2019 can be attributed to the increases in PM₂.₅ concentrations. All 33 megacities could avoid 30,248 (9 %), 62,989 (20 %), 128,457 (40 %), 198,462 (62 %) and all of the estimated 322,515 CR deaths attributed to PM₂.₅ pollution in 2019 if they were to attain the World Health Organization's four interim PM₂.₅ targets (IT-1, IT-2, IT-3, and IT-4) and the new air quality guideline (AQG), respectively. Major improvements in air quality are needed to reduce the number of CR deaths attributed to PM₂.₅ in South and East Asia, in addition to ny reductions that would likely follow shifts in the population structures of these megacities moving forward.
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