Effects of corn stalk biochar and pyrolysis temperature on wheat seedlings growth and soil properties stressed by herbicide sulfentrazone
2022
Wang, Yanru | Ma, Kinkin | Saleem, Muhammad | Yang, Yong | Zhang, Qingming
The residual toxicity of persistent herbicide sulfentrazone to rotation crops and non-target soil organisms represents a significant soil health-related issue worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to explore effective methods to minimize the impacts of sulfentrazone on plant and soil systems. Considering the positive effects of biochar on soil quality, first, we prepared corn stalk biochars at 300, 500, and 700 °C. Then, we investigated the effects of these biochars on growth and physiology of wheat seedlings, composition of soil aggregate-size classes, and bacterial community structure at three application rates (0.1, 0.5, and 1.5% by mass) under sulfentrazone stress (0.3 mg/kg). Results showed that sulfentrazone inhibited growth and altered the physiological functions of wheat seedlings though it did not damage root cells. The soils amended with biochars (300 and 500 °C) at rates of 0.5% and 1.5% reduced the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone. While 0.1% application rate of biochar prepared at 700 °C also showed similar results. The soils amended with biochars (700 °C) at rates of 0.5% and 1.5% reduced the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone and improved the growth of wheat seedlings. Moreover, the soil-applied biochar improved soil macro-aggregation and bacterial community structure. In summary, lower application rate of biochar prepared under high-temperature processing is a better strategy to reduce the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone and improve plant performance and soil health.
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