Over the last thirty years, in vitro digestion methods have been developed in the laboratory to partly replace animal and human experimentations, enabling different foods to be tested in various conditions. These methods essentially differ in their static or dynamic nature, and in their biochemical or mechanical approach, although hybrid methods exist. In this review, after a section on the digestion processes taking place in the human digestive tract, we will present the Infogest methods that aim to harmonize in vitro digestion research practices. Then, we will describe advanced methods which reproduce specific processes of gastrointestinal digestion or of mastication. We will end by illustrating recent applications in the fields of nutrition and food sciences with examples linked to digestive physiology, food structure, molecular reactivity, and to various metabolic aspects.
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