Natural variation in stress response induced by low CO₂ in Arabidopsis thaliana
2020
Wu, Chunxia | Sun, Yulou | Yang, Guang | Li, Li | Sun, Wei | Wang, Zenglan | Zhang, Hui | Li, Yuanyuan
Variation in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration can dictate plant growth and development and shape plant evolution. For paired populations of 31 Arabidopsis accessions, respectively, grown under 100 or 380 ppm CO₂, we compared phenotypic traits related to vegetative growth and flowering time. Four accessions showed the least variation in measured growth traits between 100 ppm CO₂ and 380 ppm CO₂ conditions, though all accessions exhibited a dwarf stature with reduced biomass under low CO₂. Our comparison of accessions also incorporated the altitude (indicated in meters) above sea level at which they were originally collected. Notably, An-1 (50 m), Est (50 m), Ws-0 (150 m), and Ler-0 (600 m) showed the least differences (lower decrease or increase) between treatments in flowering time, rosette leaf number, specific leaf weight, stomatal density, and less negative δ¹³C values. When variations for all traits and seedset were considered together, Ws-0 exhibited the least change between treatments. Our results showed that physiological and phenotypic responses to low CO₂ varied among these accessions and did not correlate linearly with altitude, thus suggesting that slower growth or smaller stature under ambient CO₂ may potentially belie a fitness advantage for sustainable growth under low CO₂ availability.
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