Soil fertility indicators and soil stoichiometry in semi-arid steppe rangelands

Soil fertility depends on vegetation cover, climatic conditions and soil-specific edaphic factors that regulate transformation processes of plant residues and organic matter. Soil physicochemical characteristics in drylands negatively affect evolutionary process of soil materials resulting in fertility loss. This study investigated the variability of soil physicochemical parameters and fertility estimates in three types of semi-arid steppe rangelands of North Africa, viz. Stipa tenacissima, Artemisia herba-alba and Atriplex halimus. The effect of soil parameters on the evolution of soil fertility was appraised using soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP) and C:P ratio as fertility indicators. In two semi-arid regions with haplic calcisols, soil was sampled in six replicates at each steppe rangeland and a control (bare soil). Using standard protocols, each sample was analyzed to determine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), SOC, AP, C:P ratio, total and active CaCO₃. All the soil physicochemical parameters tested, except total CaCO₃, showed positive increases in A. halimus and S. tenacissima steppe rangelands. The variation of pH and EC values among rangelands was significant, with A. halimus rangelands had significantly the highest scores and A. herba-alba rangelands the lowest scores. The redundancy analysis showed that the edaphic factors triggering significant increases in scores of soil fertility indicators, when compared to the control, were active CaCO₃, EC and pH. These physicochemical parameters positively determined the accumulation of AP and SOC, especially in A. halimus rangelands. The high values of stochiometric C:P ratio were associated to soil characteristics of S. tenacissima and A. herba-alba rangelands. Our findings suggest that soil physicochemical parameters of semi-arid steppe rangelands - compared to bare soil - influenced the evolution of soil fertility and stoichiometric C:P ratio. The type of steppe vegetation differently affects the physicochemistry and stoichiometry of the soil.