Synthesis and characterization of biodiesel from Aamla oil: A promoting non-edible oil source for bioenergy industry
2015
Ullah, Kifayat | Ahmad, Mushtaq | Sofia, | Qureshi, Fahim Ashraf | Qamar, Raheel | Sharma, Vinod Kumar | Sultana, Shazia | Iqbāl, Muḥammad Z̤afar
In the present research work, non-edible oil source Aamla plant was systematically identified for biodiesel production. The extracted oil percentage was achieved by up to 37.22% of the total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid content of crude oil was reduced from 4.12mgKOH/g to 0.13mgKOH/g, using esterification before the synthesis of biodiesel. The highest conversion yields of biodiesel were achieved at 88.77 & 90.31%, respectively using solid base catalyst oxides. The protocol for experiments was adjusted as follows: temperature (60°C); different catalysts with various concentrations, time of reaction (2h), stirring velocity (600rpm) and 1:6 oil molar ratios. Qualitatively, the prepared biodiesel was characterized by GC chromatography, ¹³C &¹H NMR, FT-IR and AAS spectroscopy. In terms of fuel properties, the kinematic viscosity, density, Cloud Point, Pour Point, Cold Filter Plugging Point, acid number, Flash Point and cetane number of prepared biodiesel, its 4 blends i.e. B5, B10, B15 & B20 and petro-diesel sample were tested and compared with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.
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