Exposure to crack cocaine causes adverse effects on marine mussels Perna perna
2017
Maranho, L.A. | Fontes, M.K. | Kamimura, A.S.S. | Nobre, C.R. | Moreno, B.B. | Pusceddu, F.H. | Cortez, F.S. | Lebre, D.T. | Marques, J.R. | Abessa, D.M.S. | Ribeiro, D.A. | Pereira, C.D.S.
Our study aimed to evaluate crack cocaine effects in different life stages of the marine mussel Perna perna. For this purpose, fertilization rate, embryo-larval development, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA strand breaks were assessed. Effect concentrations in gametes and in larval development were found after 1h (IC50=23.53mg·L−1) and 48h (IC50=16.31mg·L−1), respectively. The highest tested concentration showing no acute toxicity (NOEC) was 10mg·L−1, while the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 20mg·L−1. NOEC concerning embryo-larval development was 0.625mg·L−1, while the LOEC was 1.25mg·L−1. Cyto-genotoxic effects were evidenced in mussels exposed to crack cocaine concentrations ranging from 5 to 500μg·L−1. Our results report the first data on effects of an illicit drug to marine organisms and should encourage further ecotoxicological studies of these contaminants of emerging concern in coastal ecosystems.
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