Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in animals: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and zoonotic significance
2008
Tripathi, B.N.
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Though, it is primarily a disease of domestic and wild ruminants, the host range is wide and has been implicated with Crohn's disease in humans. The infection has been spreading insidiously through the animal population for about a century and has almost become endemic in most countries including India. This happened because of poor knowledge of the complex biology of the organism and the lack of adequate and sustained efforts to restrict the spread of infection. The disease causes heavy economic losses to the dairy industry. Epidemiology of the paratuberculosis infection is changing due to increase in the host range and strain variation. A number of diagnostic tests are available that can be appropriately used for the diagnosis and control of the disease. With the availability of complete sequence of MAP genome, several specific and novel genes have been identified that can be exploited for the diagnosis. In this paper, the disease status in India, pathogenesis, diagnosis, andzoonotic significance of Johne's disease have been briefly reviewed.
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