Intermittent sand filtration for domestic wastewater treatment: effects of filter depth and hydraulic parameters
1996
Widrig, D.L. | Peeples, J.A. | Mancl, K.M.
Intermittent sand filtration for wastewater treatment is an established technology that has attracted renewed interest due to its potential to satisfy many of the current needs for wastewater treatment in unsewered areas. While some sand filter systems have demonstrated excellent performance, the complex relations between the many variables that affect performance are not understood well enough to allow optimized design. Nine pilot scale septic tank-sand filter pairs were constructed and operated for a period of 10 months to examine the effects of media depth, hydraulic conductivity, and infiltration rate on the performance of intermittent sand filters for treating domestic wastewater. Three media depths ranging from 0.30 to 0.60 m (0.98 to 1.97 ft) were selected for the study and performance of the filters was evaluated based on current discharge standards for BOD5, suspended solids, and ammonia-nitrogen in Ohio. Filter depth clearly has an important influence on the quality of treatment. Measurement of hydraulic parameters was useful, but results were difficult to correlate with treatment performance. The experimental system designed for this research has extensive capabilities for investigating relations between operational variables and filter performance. Future research needs for intermittent sand filtration systems are suggested.
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