Rigid ryegrass problem in wheat and its management in Tunisia
2017
Khammassi, Messaad | Chaabane, Hanene | Souissi, Thouraya
In Tunisia, cereals are important crops and occupy about 1.2 to 1.5 million hectares, of which about 70% is planted with wheat (ONAGRI 2015). Among the weeds, the ryegrass (Loluim rigidum) is very competitive in crops especially cereals (Lemerle et al. 1996). In Tunisia, ryegrass infested fields was 32%, representing about 1/3 of the total cereal- cropped areas. The weed was found infesting several crops growing on different soil types (clay, loam and sandy). These included wheat, barley, faba bean (Vicia faba), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum), canola (Brassica napus), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and oat (Avena sativa) (Khammassi et al. 2016). Losses caused by rigid ryegrass varied and became increasingly important under the Mediterranean climate (Gonzalez-Andujar and Saavedra 2003). Rigid ryegrass control in cereal crops relies mainly on selective grass herbicides of the groups of acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) is one of the weeds that has developed resistance against eleven grass herbicides products in different countries of the world including France, England, Spain, the USA, Australia including Tunisia (Souissi et al. 2004). This study aims to determine the density of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in three climatic regions (sub-humid, superior and lower semi-arid), the correlation between density of ryegrass and losses wheat yields and evaluate the efficacy of grass herbicides, the most used by farmers, on ryegrass.
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