Acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides on imidazolinone-tolerant rice

The cross-tolerance of imidazolinone-tolerant (IMI-tolerant) rice to various acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides at one and two times labeled rates was studied. The IMI-tolerant rice is cross-tolerant to imazaquin, imazapyr, nicosulfuron, pyrithiobac, thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and triasulfuron; is partially tolerant to imazamethabenz and metsulfuron; and is susceptible to chlorimuron, flumetsulam, imazamox, imazapic, primisulfuron, and rimsulfuron. In the greenhouse, IMI-tolerant rice injury with 70 and 140 g ai ha⁻⁻¹ imazethapyr was 17 and 34%%, respectively, 28 DAT. Both rates of imazapyr, imazaquin, rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and pyrithiobac, and 25 g ai ha⁻⁻¹ triasulfuron, injured rice the same as imazethapyr. Red rice control with 70 and 140 g ha⁻⁻¹ imazethapyr was 97 and 98%%, respectively, 28 DAT. At label and two times the label rate, all imidazolinones, nicosulfuron, and primisulfuron controlled red rice equivalent to imazethapyr. Red rice control with 28 g ai ha⁻⁻¹ rimsulfuron was similar to control with 70 and 140 g ha⁻⁻¹ imazethapyr 28 DAT. In the field, barnyardgrass control with two times the labeled rate of imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazamethabenz, rimsulfuron, and nicosulfuron was equal or greater than control with imazethapyr 30 DAT; however, at two times the labeled rate of imazamox, imazapic, and rimsulfuron, injury was greater than imazethapyr. Of all the herbicides tested, only nicosulfuron, imazaquin, and imazapyr offer a combination of low rice injury and high red rice control compared with imazethapyr.Nomenclature: Chlorimuron; flumetsulam; imazamethabenz; imazamox; imazapic; imazapyr; imazaquin; imazethapyr; metsulfuron; nicosulfuron; primisulfuron; pyrithiobac; rimsulfuron; thifensulfuron; triasulfuron; tribenuron; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCG; red rice, Oryza sativa L. ORYSA; rice, Oryza sativa L. ‘‘IMI-tolerant 93AS-3510’’.