Cardiac toxicity of heavy metals (cadmium and mercury) and pharmacological intervention by vitamin C in rabbits

Tareen, Shaukat; Awan, Zubia; Mumtaz, Shumaila; Shakir, Hafiz Abdullah; Ahmad, Farooq; Ulhaq, Mazhar; T̤āhir, Ḥāfiz̤ Muḥammad; Awan, Muhammad Siddique; Sharif, Saima; Irfan, Muhammad; Khan, Muhammad Adeeb

Cardiac toxicity of heavy metals (cadmium and mercury) and pharmacological intervention by vitamin C in rabbits

2020

Mercury and cadmium are highly dangerous metals that can lead to disastrous effects in animals and humans. The aim of the current research was to elucidate the poisonous effects of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride individually and in combination on biochemical profiles of plasma and their accumulation in heart. The therapeutic effect of vitamin C against these metals in rabbits was also studied. Mercuric chloride (1.2 μg/g), cadmium chloride (1.5 μg/g), and vitamin C (150 μg/g of body weight) were orally given to treatment groups of the rabbits (1—control; 2—vitamin; 3—CdCl₂; 4—HgCl₂; 5—vitamin + CdCl₂; 6—vitamin + HgCl₂; 7—CdCl₂ + HgCl₂, and 8—vitamin + CdCl₂ + HgCl₂. After the biometric determination of all intoxicated rabbits, biochemical parameters, viz low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), cholesterol, creatine kinase, and troponin T (TnT) were analyzed using available kits. Levels of cholesterol (0.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l), creatine kinase (2985.2 ± 11 IU/L), LDL (20.35 ± 1.31 mg/dl), and troponin T (1.22 ± 0.03 μg/l) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. HDL (84.78 ± 4.30 mg/dl) was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, while supplementation of vitamin C decreased the adverse effects of CdCl₂ and HgCl₂ on biochemical parameters in all metal-exposed groups. A similar trend was also seen in rabbits treated with CdCl₂ + vitamin and vitamin + CdCl₂ + HgCl₂. Accumulation of Cd and Hg was higher in heart tissues. This study, therefore, provides awareness on the cardiac toxicity of mercury and cadmium chlorides in the rabbits and the possible protective role of vitamin C against the perturbations induced by metals.

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