Epidemiological studies of health effects of water from different sources
1981
Masironi, R. | Shaper, A.G.
Epidemiological data concerning cardiovascular mortality and water hardness are reviewed, with respect to individual cations (Ca, Mg, Na, Cr, Li, Si, Cd) and anions (F, I) present in water. Consideration also is given to the variables of climate, geographical latitude, and temperature as they affect water hardness. While there is considerable disagreement concerning the magnitude or existence of a "water factor" risk, the body of epidemiological literature evidence is sufficiently compelling to treat this risk as plausible until disproven or further quantified. This review also includes a discussion of cardiovascular mortality and the possible role of water quality drawn from data of the British Regional Heart Study. (wz)
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