On a method to mitigate thermal runaway and propagation in packages of lithium ion batteries
2022
Quintiere, J.G.
Past work focused on energy release measurements for lithium-ion and other batteries during runaway. This energy can be considered in two forms: (1) that of decomposition exothermic energy and (2) combustion energy. Results generally show for 18650 batteries that decomposition energy tends to increase with the SOC and can exceed its stored electric energy by 2-times. Combustion energy can reach 6-times the stored electric energy. Water is demonstrated as having the best potential means for dissipating these energies. Experiments have been conducted to examine the behavior of capillary flows in a water-saturated cellulosic sponge to mitigate battery runaway. An 18650 lithium-ion battery with a high decomposition energy was punctured to initiate runaway in the water experiments. It was demonstrated that a prototype cardboard box package containing nine 18650 batteries at 100% SOC produced violent fire and explosion for a cardboard separator matrix, but no propagation of battery damage in a water-saturated sponge separator matrix. It is suggested, by analysis that the mechanism for water in mitigating runaway and subsequent propagation to surrounding batteries is it's very high coefficient of heat transfer during boiling that considerably reduces the temperature during runaway.
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