CO₂ emission in India: trends and management at sectoral, sub-regional and plant levels
2017
Garg, Amit | Shukla, P.R. | Kankal, Bhushan | Mahapatra, Diptiranjan
The paper estimates the Indian carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions over the last two decades at sectoral and sub-regional levels to identify hotspots of CO₂ emissions, providing possible insights for focused carbon mitigation efforts pan-India. The CO₂ emissions are also estimated at the level of 1151 large point sources to identify hotspots for mitigation and also to demonstrate future possibilities for CO₂ storage in nearby geological sinks. India's CO₂ emission grew at around 5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between the years 1990 and 2013. From the 1897 Mt of CO₂ emission electricity generation, transport and iron & steel industry contributed 48%, 11.6% and 7.9% respectively. Districts of Kachchh, Sonbhadra and Korba were the largest CO₂ emitters, mainly due to the location of coal-based mega power projects. The district-level emissions estimates show a flattening of the distribution curve of CO₂ emissions over the years, indicating that more districts are now crowding up the higher emission space, partly driven by income effects. Our estimate of CO₂ emission intensity of the Indian economy shows 11% decoupling of growth of emissions and gross domestic product during 2005–2013, 2005 being the base year for India under the Paris climate change agreement.
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