Characteristics and chemical composition of date palm (Phoenix canariensis) seeds and seed oil
2010
Nehdi, I. | Omri, S. | Khalil, M.I. | Al-Resayes, S.I.
Studies were conducted on properties of seeds and oil extracted from fully ripened Phoenix canariensis date seeds. The percentage composition of the P. canariensis seeds found is: ash 1.18%, oil 10.36%, protein content 5.67%, total carbohydrate 72.59% and moisture 10.20%. The major nutrients (mg/100g of oil) determined were: potassium (255.43), magnesium (62.78), calcium (48.56) and phosphorus (41.33). The physicochemical properties of the oil observed include: the saponification number 191.28; the iodine number 76.66, the p-anisidine value 3.67; the peroxide value 3.62meq/kg; the unsaponifiable matter content 1.79%, the free fatty acids content 0.59%; the carotenoid content 5.51mg/100g; the chlorophyll content 0.10mg/100g and the refractive index 1.45. The main fatty acids of oil were oleic (50.10%), linoleic (19.23%), lauric (10.24%). palmitic (9.83%) and stearic (7.51%). The main triacylglycerols found in P. canariensis seed oil were: LaMM+LaLaP (18.9%), LaMP+MMM (15.31%) and LaOO+PLL+MPL (12.86%). The DSC melting curves revealed that: melting point=3.71°C and melting enthalpy=62.08J/g. The sterol marker, β-sitosterol, accounted for 76.06% of the total sterols content in the seed oil followed by campesterol (8.89%) and Δ⁵avenesterol (8.79%). α-Tocotrienol was the major tocol (66%) with the rest being γ-tocotrienol and γ-tocopherol.
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