Adsorption, uptake and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics: Effects on terrestrial plants and aquatic macrophytes
2021
Mateos-Cárdenas, Alicia | van Pelt, Frank N.A.M. | O’Halloran, John | Jansen, Marcel A.K.
Plastic pollution is a new, pressing, environmental topic. Microplastics are considered contaminants of emerging concern and, consequently, microplastic research has grown exponentially in the last decade. Here, current knowledge regarding the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on terrestrial plants and aquatic macrophytes is discussed, with a special focus on adsorption, uptake and toxicological effects. Our review reveals that a range of plants and macrophytes can adsorb or internalise plastic particles. Both processes depend on particle characteristics such as size and charge, as well as plant features including a sticky or hydrophobic surface layer. This finding is of concern given that plants and aquatic macrophytes are at the bottom of food webs and are a crucial component of the human diet. Therefore, there is a critical need for improved understanding of adsorption, uptake and impacts of micro- and nanoplastics, and the consequences thereof for trophic transfer, food safety and security. Also, a range of stress responses have been observed for many plant and macrophyte species after both short and long-term exposures to plastic particles. Given that some plastic particles can affect plant productivity, we surmise that plastic particles may potentially impact ecosystem productivity and function. Here we present a synthesis and a critical evaluation of the state of knowledge of micro- and nanoplastics and plants and macrophytes, identifying key questions for future research.
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