Cortical spreading depression affects reactive oxygen species production
2011
Viggiano, Alessandro | Viggiano, Emanuela | Valentino, Ilaria | Monda, Marcellino | Viggiano, Andrea | De Luca, Bruno
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a reversible electrophysiological phenomenon that is not associated with tissue damage under normal blood supply. The induction of CSD during ischemia causes an increase in tissue damage, while pre-conditioning with CSD decreases the damage induced by a subsequent episode of ischemia. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. Because the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in tissue damage during ischemia–reperfusion, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of CSD on superoxide production (O₂ ⁻), on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the cerebral cortex. CSD was induced by KCl application on the cortical surface in rats. O₂ ⁻ production was evaluated using dihydroethidium (DHE) that is oxidized to the fluorescent dye ethidium (HEt) by O₂ ⁻. The extracellular level of H₂O₂ was evaluated by microdialysis sampling and HPLC analysis. SOD activity was evaluated with a histochemical assay. The results showed an increase in H₂O₂ production, an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in O₂ ⁻ concentration 1h after CSD induction.
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