Phytoextraction, accumulation, and toxicological effects of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquid in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
2022
Yilimulati, Mihebai | Du, Hong | Wu, Wei | Habibul, Nuzahat
Ionic liquids are widely used in many fields due to their extremely tunable nature and exceptional properties. The extensive application of ionic liquids raises great concerns regarding their bioaccumulation potential and adverse effects on organisms. Green plants have a great potential for uptake of persistent xenobiotics from aquatic and terrestrial environment. However, the assimilation and bioaccumulation of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C₁₄mim]Br) have not been studied in plants yet. In order to explore the phytoaccumulation of [C₁₄mim]⁺, ryegrass were exposed to [C₁₄mim]Br with hydroponic experiment. The effects of [C₁₄mim]Br dosages on growth index, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of ryegrass were investigated. The toxic effects of [C₁₄mim]Br on ryegrass growth increased with increasing initial concentration. The high initial concentration treatment resulted in rapid changes in physiological characteristics in ryegrass tissue. [C₁₄mim]⁺ ions were mainly accumulated in root tissue and partly translocated to the above ground part of ryegrass. [C₁₄mim]⁺ was observed in the highest concentration (314.35 μg/g in root and 101.42 μg/g in aboveground parts of ryegrass) with 10 mg/L of [C₁₄mim]Br. Our results demonstrated that ryegrass can uptake and accumulate [C₁₄mim]⁺ and is therefore a suitable species for phytoremediation of trace amount of [C₁₄mim]⁺ and possibly other ionic liquids.
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