ElNFS1, a nitroreductase gene from Enterobacter ludwigii, confers enhanced detoxification and phytoremediation of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in rice
2022
Li, Zhenjun | Gao, Jianjie | Tian, Yongsheng | Wang, Bo | Xu, Jing | Fu, Xiaoyan | Han, Hongjuan | Wang, Lijuan | Zhang, Wenhui | Wang, Yu | Deng, Yongdong | Gong, Zehao | Peng, Rihe | Yao, Quanhong
4-nitrobenzaldehyde (4-NBA) is a widely used chemical intermediate for industrial application and an important photodegradation product of chloramphenicol. This compound represents a substantial threat to human health and ecosystem due to its genotoxic and mutagenic effect. In this study, the 4-NBA detoxification by transgenic rice overexpressing a bacterial nitroreductase gene, ElNFS1, from Enterobacter ludwigii were investigated. The cytosol-targeted ElNFS1 transgenic plants were selected to comprehensively examine their physio-biochemical responses and phytoremediation potential to 4-NBA. Our results showed that the transgenic plants exhibited strong tolerance to 4-NBA. Overexpression of ElNFS1 could significantly alleviate 4-NBA-induced damages of photosynthetic apparatus and reactive oxygen species overproduction in transgenic plants. The phytoremediation assay revealed that transgenic plants could remove more 4-NBA from the medium than wild-type plants. HPLC and LC-MS assays showed that 4-aminobenzaldehyde was found in the reductive products of 4-NBA. Altogether, the function of ElNFS1 during 4-NBA detoxification was characterized for the first time, which provides a strong theoretical support for the application potential of ElNFS1 transgenic plants on the phytoremediation of 4-NBA.
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