Dual Fluorophore Containing Efficient Photoinduced Electron Transfer Based Molecular Probe for Selective Detection of Cr3+ and PO43– Ions through Fluorescence “Turn–On–Off” Response in Partial Aqueous and Biological Medium: Live Cell Imaging and Logic Application
2018
Dwivedi, Sushil K. | Gupta, Ramesh C. | Srivastava, Priyanka | Singh, Priya | Koch, Biplob | Maiti, Biswajit | Misra, Arvind
The present work describes a new photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based molecular probe in which naphthalimide (NPI) and anthracene (AN) chromophores are linked through a molecular bridge of piperazine and triazole units by the Click reaction. A typical meaningful structural variation has made the present probe highly selective for Cr³⁺ ion (limit of detection (LOD), 5.567 × 10–⁸ M) that displayed enhanced, “turn–On” emission (due to the PET–Off photophysical mechanism) and naked-eye sensitive bright green color fluorescence in the environment of interfering and competitive ions, in Tris-HCl buffer. The minimum energy structure obtained through theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT) revealed a “tub” shape structure for probe 10. Upon complexation, the conformation of piperazine fragment changes from chair to boat in which the triazole and piperazine units create a cavity to tether Cr³⁺. Moreover, the probe showed excellent biocompatibility and cell permeability to sense Cr³⁺ sensitively in live cells and, thus, holds great promise for application in biological and environmental sciences. Additionally, the sensitive “Off–On–Off” sensing behavior of probe 10 providing two chemical inputs (Cr³⁺ and PO₄³–) helps to construct an INHIBIT logic gate. Also the probe has been utilized as printing material to decode secret information through the Cr³⁺ ion containing “marker ink” under UV light.
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