Efficacy of lemongrass essential oil and citral in controlling Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a post-harvest cowpea insect pest
2019
Alves, Marcela de Souza | de Souza, Marco Andre Alves | Campos, Ivana Mello | Brito, Diego de Mello Conde de | Cardoso, Cristiane Martins | Pontes, Emerson Guedes | Souza, Marco Andre Alves de
The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), is a storage pest that mainly infects cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), spending part of its life cycle inside the grains. Depending on the region, the decrease in cowpea production by cowpea weevils can exceed 70% during a six-month storage period. This study investigated the fumigant effect of lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) and citral on the reproductive cycle, sexual behavior, lipid composition and the enzymatic activity of biotransformation enzymes in cowpea weevils. Mortality (61.43%, 85.00%), oviposition (4.00%, 29.51%) and emergence (10.32%, 1.51%) were observed for lemongrass essential oil and citral treatments, respectively. Exposure to lemongrass essential oil led to changes in behavior for both sexes, decrease in triacylglycerol content of virgin and mated females, and reduction of the activities of acetylcholinesterase (females and males) and β-esterase (females). These changes may affect the survival, energy resource transfer during oogenesis and oviposition, which are likely mechanisms involved with essential oil toxicity.
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