Phosphorus Efficacy in Four Chinese Long-Term Experiments with Different Soil Properties and Climate Characteristics
2009
Zhao, Linping | Ma, Yibing | Liang, Guoqing | Li, Shutian | Wu, Lishu
Four long-term experiments in China were used to study the efficacy of phosphorus (P) fertilizers in soils. The results showed that the increased yield by P fertilization varied with different crops: early rice > late rice. We suggest applying the P fertilizer heavily on winter wheat and early rice. The P agronomic efficiency was about 27 kg rice grain kg-1 and 30.8-55.7 kg wheat grain kg-1. The P recovery efficiency by plants was >80% in three of four sites, and the fertilizer-use efficiency was 34% on average. The current applications of about 40 kg P ha-1 year-1 for rice-rice rotation could maintain yields of 8-11 t ha-1 year-1, and 65.5 kg P ha-1 year-1 applied for wheat-maize rotation could maintain yields of 5.3-6.2 t ha-1 for wheat and 4.2-6.0 t ha-1 for maize, although no P was added to maize. However, sustaining higher yields will require soil P-supplying capacity and farm-specific management targets and strategies.
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