Valorization of fish discards for the sustainable production of renewable fuels
2020
Karkal, Sandesh S. | Kudre, Tanaji G.
Production of eco-friendly fuels is gaining momentum owing to the setbacks associated with non-renewable fossil fuels, which mainly include cost, energy crisis, and global warming. The drawbacks associated with recognized feedstocks necessitate the need to explore new feedstocks for biofuel production. Fish processing units and domestic markets generate millions of tons of lipid (30–35% w/w) rich fish discards every year. Apart from lipids (oil/fat), fish discards are also a possible source of biocatalyst (lipase) and heterogeneous chemical catalysts. However, these fish discards generally utilized to prepare animal feed and fertilizer, but the main bulk is dumped into the environment, causing pollution. In recent years, fish discards triggered as a promising alternative feedstock for the sustainable production of biofuel (biodiesel and biogas). Around 90% biodiesel yield had been noted from fish discards using base catalyst. This review mainly focuses on how the fish discards could be employed for biofuel production, fuel properties, advantages over other feedstocks, and prospects. Additionally, some factors, such as fish waste oil quality, biodiesel preparation method, alcohol to oil ratio, type and amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and time influence conversion yield and quality of biodiesel from fish discard (oil) also a comprehensively reviewed. Thus, present communication is beneficial to a group of people working on the fish processing industries, fishery waste management, and biofuel production to reduce the negative impact of such high organic wastes and introduce the alternative renewable feedstock for biofuel production.
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