Reckoning of water quality for irrigation and drinking purposes in the konkan geothermal provinces, Maharashtra, India
2019
Shah, Bhavarth | Kansara, Bhagyesh | Shankar, Jyoti | Soni, Meet | Bhimjiyani, Priyansh | Bhanushali, Tanay | Shah, Manan | Sircar, Anirbid
Global fresh water resources are finite and are rapidly diminishing due to poor water management and increasing population at alarming rate. In the view of this, quality water studies were undertaken for total 11 water samples from various resources via. Surface, Ground and Thermal Spring water of Konkan Division, India. Samples were collected and experimental analyses of its various Physio-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness; cation such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and anions such as Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-, F-, Br-. The suitability of water quality to meet drinking and irrigation standards in the study area were assessed using chemical indices like sodium absorption ratio, percentage of sodium (Na%), kelly ratio (KR), permeability index (PI) were calculated indicating high overall salinity hazard in the study area which maybe as a result of intrusion of sea water as study area lies near the coastal arena. Piper plots, gibbs diagram, stiff diagram, wilcox diagram were used to evaluate irrigation suitability indicating sodium and calcium along with chloride dominance due to evaporation or dissolution which can be correlated from gibbs diagram interpretation of samples falling in rock and evaporation dominance. Few samples of Amba, Kajli river and Sov of study area can be used for irrigation for all types of crop while aravali and rajapur-unhale can be used depending on the sensitivity of the crops. According to water quality index (WQI) calculated to determine the suitability of water for drinking purpose. Based on the statistical parameters like correlation matrix, dendrogram can be interpreted that various parameters are correlated with each other while few are outliners in the data set. Results compared with the standards which revelled that majority of the samples were found unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purpose.
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